Squirrelpox virus

The squirrelpox virus is a serious threat to red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) populations, particularly in the United Kingdom. This virus is primarily carried by the invasive grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), which is native to North America. While grey squirrels can carry the virus without showing any symptoms, it is almost always fatal to red squirrels. The virus causes severe skin lesions, scabs, and swelling, leading to extreme distress, dehydration, and eventually death within two weeks of infection. The impact of squirrelpox on red squirrels has been devastating, contributing significantly to their decline in areas where grey squirrels are present.

The spread of squirrelpox is a key factor in the displacement of red squirrels by grey squirrels. As grey squirrels expand their range, they bring the virus into contact with red squirrel populations, often leading to a rapid decline in the number of red squirrels. This has resulted in a significant reduction of red squirrel habitats, with these native species now confined to isolated areas where grey squirrels have not yet established themselves.

Conservation efforts to combat the spread of squirrelpox focus on controlling grey squirrel populations and protecting red squirrel habitats. In some areas, grey squirrel culling programs have been implemented to reduce the threat of the virus. Additionally, conservationists are working to establish and maintain “red squirrel strongholds”—areas where grey squirrels are actively excluded and red squirrel populations can thrive without the risk of infection.

Public awareness and involvement are also crucial in the fight against squirrelpox. People can support conservation efforts by participating in local initiatives to monitor squirrel populations, report sightings of sick or dead squirrels, and help with the control of grey squirrels in areas critical to red squirrel survival. By taking action to prevent the spread of squirrelpox, we can help protect and preserve the remaining red squirrel populations, ensuring their survival for future generations.